The Politics of Underdevelopment by Gerald A. Heeger New York, St Martin's Press; London, Macmillan; Pp. viii + 150.$9.95. $3.95 paperback. £5.00. £2.50 paperback.How Europe Underdeveloped Africa by Walter Rodney Washington, W.C. Howard University Press; London, Bogle-L'Ouverture Publications; 1974. Pp. 316. $10.50. £0.65 paperback.Persistent Poverty: underdevelopment in plantation economies of the Third World by George L. Beckford New York and London, Oxford University Press, 1972. Pp. xxvii+303. $7.50. $2.95 paperback.