Raging Against the Machine: Political Opposition under Authoritarianism in Egypt. By Holger Albrecht. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2013. 224p. $39.95.Lineages of Revolt: Issues of Contemporary Capitalism in the Middle East. By Adam Hanieh. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2013. 273p. $19.95.The Iron Cage of Liberalism: International Politics and Unarmed Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa. By Daniel P. Ritter. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. 288p. $90.00.