Brains of the Nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the Production of Modern Knowledge. By Resil B. Mojares. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2006. 565 pp. ISBN: 9789715504966 (paper).Orientalists, Propagandists, and Ilustrados: Filipino Scholarship and the End of Spanish Colonialism. By Megan C. Thomas. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012. 288 pp. ISBN: 9780816671908 (cloth).